# botanCBD

> Family-owned, vertically-integrated CBD oils, topicals, and pet products. Cincinnati-based. Hemp from Kentucky and Ohio organic farms. Third-party tested, cGMP-certified manufacturing. Affordable per-mg pricing relative to major-brand competitors.

Founded 2018. Family-owned and operated. We make products our own family uses.

## Core products
- [Full Spectrum CBD Oil Drops](https://www.botancbd.com/products/cbd-oil-oral-drops-full-spectrum) — 500-1500mg, all 40+ cannabinoids, under 0.3% THC
- [Broad Spectrum (THC-free) CBD Oil Drops](https://www.botancbd.com/products/cbd-oil-drops-thc-free-broad-spectrum) — 500-6000mg, drug-test safe
- [Arnica-Infused CBD Salve Stick](https://www.botancbd.com/products/750mg-arnica-infused-cbd-salve-stick) — topical, 750mg, post-workout/joint
- [Pet CBD Oil — Bacon Flavor](https://www.botancbd.com/products/furry-friends-500mg-cbd-oil-for-cats-dogs-animals) — 500mg, AAFCO-approved, vet-formulated

## Education hub
- [What Is CBD?](https://www.botancbd.com/education/what-is-cbd)
- [Full Spectrum vs Broad Spectrum CBD](https://www.botancbd.com/education/full-vs-broad-spectrum)
- [How Much CBD Should I Take?](https://www.botancbd.com/education/cbd-dosage-guide)
- [CBD for Dogs and Cats](https://www.botancbd.com/education/cbd-for-pets)
- [The Botan Difference](https://www.botancbd.com/education/the-botan-difference)
- [Lab Reports & COAs](https://www.botancbd.com/coas)

## CBD laws by state (50 pages)
- [Alabama](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/alabama) — Legal with restrictions, age 21
- [Alaska](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/alaska) — Legal, age 21
- [Arizona](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/arizona) — Legal, age 18
- [Arkansas](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/arkansas) — Legal with restrictions, age 21
- [California](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/california) — Legal with restrictions, age 21
- [Colorado](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/colorado) — Legal, age 21
- [Connecticut](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/connecticut) — Legal with restrictions, age 21
- [Delaware](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/delaware) — Legal, age 21
- [Florida](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/florida) — Legal with restrictions, age 21
- [Georgia](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/georgia) — Legal with restrictions, age 21
- [Hawaii](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/hawaii) — Legal with restrictions, age 21
- [Idaho](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/idaho) — Legal with restrictions, age 18
- [Illinois](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/illinois) — Legal, age 21
- [Indiana](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/indiana) — Legal with restrictions, age 21
- [Iowa](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/iowa) — Legal with restrictions, age 21
- [Kansas](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/kansas) — Legal with restrictions, age 21
- [Kentucky](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/kentucky) — Legal, age 21
- [Louisiana](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/louisiana) — Legal with restrictions, age 21
- [Maine](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/maine) — Legal, age 21
- [Maryland](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/maryland) — Legal, age 21
- [Massachusetts](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/massachusetts) — Legal, age 21
- [Michigan](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/michigan) — Legal, age 21
- [Minnesota](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/minnesota) — Legal, age 21
- [Mississippi](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/mississippi) — Legal with restrictions, age 21
- [Missouri](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/missouri) — Legal, age 21
- [Montana](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/montana) — Legal, age 21
- [Nebraska](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/nebraska) — Legal with restrictions, age 21
- [Nevada](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/nevada) — Legal, age 21
- [New Hampshire](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/new-hampshire) — Legal, age 21
- [New Jersey](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/new-jersey) — Legal, age 21
- [New Mexico](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/new-mexico) — Legal, age 21
- [New York](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/new-york) — Legal with restrictions, age 21
- [North Carolina](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/north-carolina) — Legal, age 21
- [North Dakota](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/north-dakota) — Legal with restrictions, age 21
- [Ohio](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/ohio) — Legal, age 21
- [Oklahoma](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/oklahoma) — Legal, age 21
- [Oregon](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/oregon) — Legal, age 21
- [Pennsylvania](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/pennsylvania) — Legal, age 21
- [Rhode Island](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/rhode-island) — Legal, age 21
- [South Carolina](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/south-carolina) — Legal, age 21
- [South Dakota](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/south-dakota) — Legal with restrictions, age 21
- [Tennessee](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/tennessee) — Legal, age 21
- [Texas](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/texas) — Legal with restrictions, age 21
- [Utah](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/utah) — Legal with restrictions, age 21
- [Vermont](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/vermont) — Legal, age 21
- [Virginia](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/virginia) — Legal with restrictions, age 21
- [Washington](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/washington) — Legal, age 21
- [West Virginia](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/west-virginia) — Legal, age 21
- [Wisconsin](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/wisconsin) — Legal, age 21
- [Wyoming](https://www.botancbd.com/cbd-laws/wyoming) — Legal, age 21

## Glossary (30 terms)
- [CBD (Cannabidiol)](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/cbd) — CBD is one of more than 100 naturally occurring compounds called cannabinoids found in the hemp plant. Unlike THC, CBD does not produce a 'high.'
- [THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol)](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/thc) — THC is the cannabinoid responsible for the psychoactive 'high' associated with marijuana. Hemp-derived CBD products may contain up to 0.3% THC under federal law.
- [Full Spectrum CBD](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/full-spectrum) — Full spectrum CBD contains all cannabinoids and terpenes naturally present in the hemp plant, including up to 0.3% THC.
- [Broad Spectrum CBD](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/broad-spectrum) — Broad spectrum CBD contains the full cannabinoid and terpene profile of the hemp plant with the THC removed.
- [CBD Isolate](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/isolate) — CBD isolate is pure cannabidiol with all other cannabinoids and terpenes removed — typically 99%+ pure CBD.
- [Cannabinoid](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/cannabinoid) — Cannabinoids are a class of chemical compounds found in the cannabis plant. The plant contains more than 100 of them.
- [Terpene](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/terpene) — Terpenes are aromatic compounds found in cannabis (and many other plants) that give each strain its distinctive smell and flavor — and may contribute to its effects.
- [Entourage Effect](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/entourage-effect) — The entourage effect is the theory that cannabinoids and terpenes work synergistically — that whole-plant extracts produce different effects than isolated compounds.
- [COA (Certificate of Analysis)](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/coa) — A COA is a document from an accredited third-party lab certifying what is — and isn't — in a CBD product.
- [cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice)](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/cgmp) — cGMP is an FDA-enforced manufacturing standard that ensures products are consistently produced and controlled to quality standards.
- [Bioavailability](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/bioavailability) — Bioavailability is the percentage of a dose that actually reaches your bloodstream. CBD's bioavailability varies dramatically by delivery method.
- [MCT Oil](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/mct-oil) — MCT oil — medium-chain triglycerides, derived from coconut or palm — is the most common carrier oil for CBD tinctures because it improves absorption.
- [Hemp](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/hemp) — Hemp is a variety of the Cannabis sativa plant species that contains less than 0.3% delta-9 THC by dry weight — the legal definition under the 2018 Farm Bill.
- [Hemp Seed Oil](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/hemp-seed-oil) — Hemp seed oil is pressed from hemp seeds and contains essentially no CBD or THC. It is NOT the same as CBD oil.
- [CBG (Cannabigerol)](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/cbg) — CBG is a minor cannabinoid often called the 'mother cannabinoid' because other cannabinoids are synthesized from its acidic form (CBGa) in the plant.
- [CBN (Cannabinol)](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/cbn) — CBN is a mildly psychoactive cannabinoid that forms when THC ages and oxidizes.
- [CBC (Cannabichromene)](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/cbc) — CBC is a non-intoxicating minor cannabinoid found in trace amounts in most hemp varieties.
- [Sublingual](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/sublingual) — Sublingual means 'under the tongue.' CBD oil held under the tongue absorbs through the rich blood vessels there, reaching the bloodstream in 15-45 minutes.
- [Tincture](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/tincture) — A tincture is a liquid herbal extract, traditionally made by soaking plant material in alcohol. Modern CBD 'tinctures' usually use a fat-based carrier (MCT oil) instead.
- [Microemulsion](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/microemulsion) — A microemulsion is a stable mixture of CBD oil and water created by reducing CBD particle size to under 100 nanometers, dramatically improving absorption.
- [Phytocannabinoid](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/phytocannabinoid) — A phytocannabinoid is a cannabinoid produced by a plant — distinguishing it from endocannabinoids, which the human body produces.
- [Endocannabinoid System (ECS)](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/endocannabinoid-system) — The endocannabinoid system is a body-wide signaling network involved in pain, mood, sleep, immune function, and many other processes.
- [Decarboxylation](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/decarboxylation) — Decarboxylation is the process of converting raw cannabinoid acids (like CBDa) into their active forms (like CBD) by applying heat.
- [Drug Test](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/drug-test) — Workplace drug tests typically screen for THC metabolites. Pure CBD is not on standard drug-test panels — but full-spectrum CBD with trace THC can produce positive results.
- [Third-Party Testing](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/third-party-testing) — Third-party testing means a CBD product was analyzed by an independent, accredited lab — not by the manufacturer themselves.
- [ISO 17025](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/iso-17025) — ISO 17025 is the international quality standard for testing and calibration laboratories. CBD COAs should come from labs accredited under this standard.
- [Batch Number](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/batch-number) — A batch number identifies a specific production run of a CBD product. Batch numbers let you match a bottle to its specific COA.
- [2018 Farm Bill](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/farm-bill) — The 2018 Farm Bill federally legalized hemp by removing it from the Controlled Substances Act. It defines hemp as cannabis with under 0.3% delta-9 THC.
- [Hemp Flower](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/hemp-flower) — Hemp flower is the smokable bud of hemp varieties bred for high CBD and low THC content.
- [Salve / Topical CBD](https://www.botancbd.com/glossary/salve) — A CBD salve is a topical product where CBD is suspended in a fat-based balm and applied to the skin for localized effect.

## Comparisons (17 pages)
- [Full vs Broad Spectrum](https://www.botancbd.com/compare/full-spectrum-vs-broad-spectrum-cbd)
- [Isolate vs Full Spectrum](https://www.botancbd.com/compare/cbd-isolate-vs-full-spectrum)
- [Isolate vs Broad Spectrum](https://www.botancbd.com/compare/cbd-isolate-vs-broad-spectrum)
- [CBD vs THC](https://www.botancbd.com/compare/cbd-vs-thc)
- [CBD vs CBG](https://www.botancbd.com/compare/cbd-vs-cbg)
- [CBD vs CBN](https://www.botancbd.com/compare/cbd-vs-cbn)
- [CBD vs CBC](https://www.botancbd.com/compare/cbd-vs-cbc)
- [Tincture vs Softgel](https://www.botancbd.com/compare/cbd-tincture-vs-softgel)
- [Oil vs Gummies](https://www.botancbd.com/compare/cbd-oil-vs-gummies)
- [Oil vs Vape](https://www.botancbd.com/compare/cbd-oil-vs-vape)
- [Salve vs Oil](https://www.botancbd.com/compare/cbd-salve-vs-oil)
- [Pet CBD vs Human CBD](https://www.botancbd.com/compare/pet-cbd-vs-human-cbd)
- [CBD Oil vs Hemp Seed Oil](https://www.botancbd.com/compare/cbd-oil-vs-hemp-seed-oil)
- [CBD Oil vs Hemp Extract](https://www.botancbd.com/compare/cbd-oil-vs-hemp-extract)
- [botanCBD vs Charlotte's Web](https://www.botancbd.com/compare/botancbd-vs-charlottes-web)
- [botanCBD vs CBDistillery](https://www.botancbd.com/compare/botancbd-vs-cbdistillery)
- [botanCBD vs Cornbread Hemp](https://www.botancbd.com/compare/botancbd-vs-cornbread-hemp)

## Best CBD by use case (14 pages)
- [Marathon Runners](https://www.botancbd.com/best/cbd-for-marathon-runners)
- [First-Time Users](https://www.botancbd.com/best/cbd-for-first-time-users)
- [Seniors](https://www.botancbd.com/best/cbd-for-seniors)
- [Shift Workers](https://www.botancbd.com/best/cbd-for-shift-workers)
- [Drug-Tested Professionals](https://www.botancbd.com/best/cbd-for-drug-tested-professionals)
- [Workout Recovery](https://www.botancbd.com/best/cbd-for-recovery)
- [Daily Wellness](https://www.botancbd.com/best/cbd-for-daily-wellness)
- [Evening Wind-Down](https://www.botancbd.com/best/cbd-for-evening-wind-down)
- [Travelers](https://www.botancbd.com/best/cbd-for-travelers)
- [New Parents](https://www.botancbd.com/best/cbd-for-new-parents)
- [CBD for Dogs](https://www.botancbd.com/best/cbd-for-dogs)
- [Senior Dogs](https://www.botancbd.com/best/cbd-for-senior-dogs)
- [CBD for Cats](https://www.botancbd.com/best/cbd-for-cats)
- [Pet CBD Dose Calculator](https://www.botancbd.com/best/cbd-for-pets-by-weight)

## Best CBD rankings & round-ups (25 pages)
- [10 Best CBD Oils of 2026: Tested, Ranked, Reviewed](https://www.botancbd.com/lists/10-best-cbd-oils) — botanCBD takes the top spot for 2026 — vertically integrated Kentucky/Ohio hemp, broad-spectrum strengths from 500mg up to 6,000mg, $0.
- [5 Most Affordable CBD Oils Under $50 (2026 Buyer's Guide)](https://www.botancbd.com/lists/5-most-affordable-cbd-oils) — Affordable doesn't mean cheap.
- [8 Best Tasting CBD Oils of 2026 (No Hemp Aftertaste)](https://www.botancbd.com/lists/8-best-tasting-cbd-oils) — The single most common reason first-time CBD users quit is taste.
- [7 Best CBD Oils for Sleep in 2026 (Tested & Ranked)](https://www.botancbd.com/lists/7-best-cbd-oils-for-sleep) — For sleep, the right CBD oil is one you can dose consistently in the 20-40mg range, take 30-60 minutes before bed, and not worry about morning grogginess.
- [6 Best CBD Oils for Anxiety in 2026](https://www.botancbd.com/lists/6-best-cbd-oils-for-anxiety) — For day-to-day anxiety management, broad-spectrum (THC-free) CBD oil at 15-30mg, taken once or twice daily, is the format most users converge on.
- [10 Best CBD Oils for Pain Relief in 2026](https://www.botancbd.com/lists/10-best-cbd-oils-for-pain-relief) — Pain-management dosing typically lands in the 30-60mg twice-daily range — higher than wellness dosing.
- [5 Best CBD Oils for Beginners (2026 First-Timer's Guide)](https://www.botancbd.com/lists/5-best-cbd-oils-for-beginners) — First-time CBD users should start at 500mg, broad-spectrum, flavored, and under $40.
- [8 Best Full-Spectrum CBD Oils of 2026](https://www.botancbd.com/lists/8-best-full-spectrum-cbd-oils) — Full-spectrum CBD oil preserves the full cannabinoid + terpene profile (including the legal trace THC under 0.
- [7 Best THC-Free (Broad Spectrum) CBD Oils of 2026](https://www.botancbd.com/lists/7-best-thc-free-cbd-oils) — Broad-spectrum (THC-free) CBD oil is the right choice for healthcare workers, pilots, federal contractors, athletes in tested sports, parents, and anyone who wants the full cannabinoid + terpene effect minus THC.
- [6 Best CBD Oils for Athletes & Runners in 2026](https://www.botancbd.com/lists/6-best-cbd-oils-for-athletes-runners) — Tested athletes need THC-free CBD — full-spectrum can produce a positive USADA/NCAA/professional-sport screen.
- [5 Best CBD Oils for Seniors in 2026](https://www.botancbd.com/lists/5-best-cbd-oils-for-seniors) — Older adults benefit from broad-spectrum (no THC interaction layer), low starting doses (5-10mg), and graduated droppers.
- [8 Strongest CBD Oils in 2026 (Highest Potency, Ranked)](https://www.botancbd.com/lists/8-strongest-cbd-oils) — High-potency CBD is for users who've titrated past the 30-50mg/day mark and need fewer drops per dose.
- [6 Best Organic CBD Oils of 2026](https://www.botancbd.com/lists/6-best-organic-cbd-oils) — Truly organic CBD requires organic hemp farming + organic-compliant extraction + organic-compliant carrier oils.
- [7 Best CBD Oils for Dogs in 2026 (Vet-Reviewed Picks)](https://www.botancbd.com/lists/7-best-cbd-oils-for-dogs) — Dog CBD must be THC-free (THC is toxic to dogs) and ideally bacon-flavored (most dogs reject the natural hemp flavor).
- [5 Best Mint-Flavored CBD Oils of 2026](https://www.botancbd.com/lists/5-best-mint-flavored-cbd-oils) — Mint is the most popular CBD oil flavor because it covers the hemp note and feels evening-appropriate.
- [6 Best Citrus & Orange CBD Oils of 2026](https://www.botancbd.com/lists/6-best-citrus-cbd-oils) — Citrus CBD is the daytime alternative to mint — brighter, more energizing, and notably better at masking the hemp note than mint at high strength.
- [10 Best Subscribe-and-Save CBD Brands of 2026](https://www.botancbd.com/lists/10-best-subscribe-save-cbd-brands) — Subscribe-and-save discounts on CBD range from a paltry 5% to a substantial 40%.
- [5 Best CBD Oils for Stress Relief in 2026](https://www.botancbd.com/lists/5-best-cbd-oils-for-stress-relief) — Stress relief from CBD is the most-common use case and the most-overpromised.
- [8 Best American-Grown Hemp CBD Brands of 2026](https://www.botancbd.com/lists/8-best-american-grown-hemp-cbd-brands) — American-grown hemp is traceable to specific farms regulated by state ag departments.
- [6 Best Third-Party Tested CBD Brands of 2026](https://www.botancbd.com/lists/6-best-third-party-tested-cbd-brands) — Third-party testing is the difference between a CBD product you trust and one you guess about.
- [5 Best CBD Oils for Inflammation & Recovery in 2026](https://www.botancbd.com/lists/5-best-cbd-oils-for-inflammation-recovery) — Inflammation and recovery is where CBD's entourage effect (full-spectrum CBD + terpenes + minor cannabinoids) shines brightest.
- [7 Best Daytime CBD Oils (Non-Drowsy) of 2026](https://www.botancbd.com/lists/7-best-daytime-cbd-oils) — CBD doesn't sedate at moderate doses, but flavor and spectrum can make the difference between a daytime-appropriate bottle and an evening one.
- [6 Best Nighttime CBD Oils for Better Sleep in 2026](https://www.botancbd.com/lists/6-best-nighttime-cbd-oils) — Nighttime CBD wants gentle flavor (mint > citrus), moderate-to-higher dose strength (25-40mg), and ideally a CBN blend for users who specifically want stronger sedation.
- [8 Best Family-Owned CBD Brands of 2026](https://www.botancbd.com/lists/8-best-family-owned-cbd-brands) — Family-owned CBD brands operate differently than VC-backed ones — slower growth, lower margins, longer customer relationships, and a personal stake in every bottle.
- [6 Best CBD Salves & Topicals for Muscle Recovery in 2026](https://www.botancbd.com/lists/6-best-cbd-salves-topicals) — CBD topicals act at the application site without entering the bloodstream — meaning even tested athletes can use full-spectrum topicals.

## Shop by benefit (5 hubs)
- [Sleep](https://www.botancbd.com/benefits/sleep) — For evening wind-down, take 20-30mg of broad-spectrum CBD oil under the tongue, 30-60 minutes before bed.
- [Recovery](https://www.botancbd.com/benefits/recovery) — Recovery wants two products, not one.
- [Stress](https://www.botancbd.com/benefits/stress) — Stress-relief CBD is a consistency product, not an emergency one.
- [Focus](https://www.botancbd.com/benefits/focus) — Daytime-focus CBD is a low-dose, consistent-routine product.
- [Daily Wellness](https://www.botancbd.com/benefits/wellness) — Daily-wellness CBD is closest to a vitamin-like routine.

## Ingredient explainers (6)
- [CBG (Cannabigerol)](https://www.botancbd.com/ingredients/cbg) — A minor cannabinoid sometimes called "the mother cannabinoid" because the others (CBD, THC) develop from it. Trace amounts naturally appear in full-spectrum hemp extract.
- [CBN (Cannabinol)](https://www.botancbd.com/ingredients/cbn) — A minor cannabinoid that forms slowly as THC oxidizes. Associated with sedation in early research and naturally present in aged full-spectrum extract.
- [CBC (Cannabichromene)](https://www.botancbd.com/ingredients/cbc) — A minor cannabinoid researched for its potential role in inflammation pathways. Naturally present in trace amounts in full-spectrum hemp extract.
- [Terpenes](https://www.botancbd.com/ingredients/terpenes) — The aromatic compounds that give every plant its distinctive smell. In hemp, they also play a role in the entourage effect alongside cannabinoids.
- [MCT Oil (Medium-Chain Triglyceride Oil)](https://www.botancbd.com/ingredients/mct-oil) — The carrier oil in our tinctures. MCT improves CBD absorption and is gentle on the digestive system.
- [Arnica (Arnica Montana)](https://www.botancbd.com/ingredients/arnica) — A flowering plant with a long history of topical use for muscle soreness and bruising. Combined with CBD in our salve stick.

## Interactive tools
- [3-minute product-finder quiz](https://www.botancbd.com/quiz)

## Partner program
- [Affiliate program](https://www.botancbd.com/affiliate) — 20% commission, 90-day cookie, monthly payouts

## About
- [Founders](https://www.botancbd.com/about/founders) — family-owned Cincinnati operation since 2018
- Cincinnati, OH
- Email: sales@botancbd.com
- Phone: 513-696-9255
- Sitemap: https://www.botancbd.com/sitemap.xml

## Important regulatory note
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. botanCBD products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Information on this site is for educational purposes; consult a healthcare provider before starting any new wellness product.